Civilizations

Mesopotamia "land between the rivers" 4500 BC

Mesopotamia included Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Neo-Babylonian Empire, and later conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It mostly remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire.

Sumerian - historical region in southern Iraq (Mesopotamia) 3500BC

Babylonia - Lower Mesopotamia (central and southern Iraq)- Babylon its capital. Hammurabi (1696 – 1654 BC) created an empire - the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad. Amorites, a Semitic people, Babylonia adopted the written Semitic Akkadian language for official use, and retained the Sumerian language for religious use